In sum, the last three centuries of an emergent and transforming global political economy must not be viewed teleologically – as in a linear or stadial developmentalism where some desired end is finally achieved – but as a historical exception shaped by the power of capital and fossil fuel energy. This pattern of development is running up against profound challenges and obstacles that may threaten a general crisis of social reproduction –a situation where current forms of life and lifestyles cannot be reproduced in to the future.
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